In 1996, the International Committee of the Red Cross, alongside a range of renowned experts, embarked upon a major international study into current state practice in international humanitarian law in order to identify customary law in this area. Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume I: Rules and Volume II: Practice, is the result of that study. This original, authoritative work will be an essential tool for anyone involved with international humanitarian law.

Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume II: Practice contains, for each aspect of international humanitarian law, a summary of the relevant treaty law and relevant state practice including legislation, military manuals, case-law and official statements, as well as practice of international organisations, conferences and judicial and quasi-judicial bodies. It offers a comprehensive overview of what current or past practice has been in the chosen representative countries around the world. This original and authoritative work is published by Cambridge in association with the ICRC and will be an essential reference work for anyone involved with international humanitarian law.

Leonardo da Vinci (1910) remains among the most fascinating, though speculative, works of Freud's entire output. A detailed reconstruction of Leonardo's emotional life from his earliest years, it represents Freud's first sustained venture into biography from a psychoanalytic perspective, and also his effort to trace one route that homosexual development can take.

Following the death of his wife Elizabeth Siddal in 1862 and his settling in Chelsea in October of that year, Rossetti entered on a period of his life that was marked by renewed activity as a painter and by increased financial prosperity. As early as July 1863 William Bell Scott described him as 'in great force and plenty of commissions'. About a year later Rossetti confided to his Aunt Charlotte Polidori that he 'never was nearly so prosperous before'. The letters in volume 3, covering the years 1863-1867, chart Rossetti's relationship with such leading patrons as the Birkenhead banker George Rae, the Newcastle lead manufacturer James Leathart, and the wealthy Ellen Heaton of Leeds, whom Ruskin encouraged to buy pictures by Rossetti, and the start of his friendship with one of his most important patrons, the Liverpool shipowner Frederick Leyland. They also document the crucial part played by the dealer Ernest Gambart in shaping Rossetti's career as a painter of images of a particular type of feminine beauty, which came to be known as 'Rossettian'. Rossetti said that Gambart understood 'the saleable quality of pictures] perfectly', and recommended him to the painter James Smetham as the dealer who had 'doubled my prices in the market in a very short time', and was above all 'an immediate paymaster'. The letters abound in details of Rossetti's social life during these years: his dinner parties at Chelsea and his dining out at the Garrick and other clubs and at the houses of friends. Not since the early days of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood did Rossetti make such a favourable impression on friends and associates as he did during these years. Georgiana Burne-Jones's most memorable description of him relates to this period, when he attended a large party at Ford Madox Brown's: 'Gabriel was there in magnificent mood -- no other word describes it when he passed through a room bringing pleasure to great and small by his beautiful urbanity, a prince among men'. Among the leading controversies of the mid-1860s discussed in these letters -- controversies about which the Rossetti brothers and their friends exchanged impassioned views -- were the withdrawal of Swinburne's Poems and Ballads, and Whistler's quarrels with Seymour Haden and Alphonse Legros, and the American painter's expulsion from the Burlington Club, which precipitated the resignation of both Rossetti brothers from the Club. No less interesting, if less lively, are the letters dealing with Rossetti's contribution to Alexander Gilchrist's Life of William Blake, his dealings with the Newcastle photographer William Downey, which resulted in the famous photographs of Jane Morris posed by Rossetti, and his contacts with Lewis Carroll, whom he encouraged to photograph the whole Rossetti family in the garden of Cheyne Walk. Only occasionally in these letters do we glimpse the two matters that were to dominate the closing years of the 1860s: Rossetti's eye problems and general ill-health, and his

As many of you will know, Gerald Brown died in May 2002 following a heroic, and always good spirited, fight against cancer. Gerald was the co-editor of this journal from 1999 and he was instrumental in steering the editorial policy during his short tenure. It was an honour to work with Gerald. This issue is a small, and probably inadequate, attempt by those who worked with him to pay tribute to a special friend, mentor, supervisor and colleague. Gerald was a very dignified British academic with an eclectic background and blessed vision of what could be achieved with effort and dedication. Some of us knew Gerald from his time at City University in London, some from when he was Professor at Salford University, and some from his time abroad in Auckland and Singapore. No matter the point of first reference, we all share a genuine and sincere love for a man who touched our lives with kindness and humour. Gerald was one of the world

This key text will be the first full-length research tool on Adrian Willaert, the Renaissance composer of motets and madrigals who came to prominence in the first part of the sixteenth century, and should prove invaluable to researchers and students of Renaissance music. It includes annotated entries on all published literature and a biography section with information on all well-known primary source material. Willaert was a key teacher and administrator in Renaissance Venice who helped establish Venice, and especially St. Marks, as a key centre for musical composition and performance.

1. Intermediary Metabolism in the First Third of the Twentieth Century 2. Boyhood in Hildesheim 3. Outward Movement 4. Clinical Years 5. The Research Apprentice 6. Initiative and Dependence 7. Moves Toward Autonomy 8. Freiburg: The Foundation of a Career 9. The Ornithine Effect 10. The Formation of Urea 11. The Rewards of Success 12. The Brief Life of a Freiburg School of Metabolism 13. Reflections on the Formation of a Scientific Life

Authoritative and accessible guide to the lives, labours, and achievements of the men and women who have shaped the world of science.

The only introduction into the exciting chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides. The book is based on a number of courses on ''f elements''The author has a long experience in teaching this field of chemistryLanthanides have become very common elements in research and technology applications; this book offers the basic knowledgeThe book offers insights into a vast range of applications, from lasers to synthesisThe Inorganic Chemistry: A Textbook series reflects the pivotal role of modern inorganic and physical chemistry in a whole range of emerging areas, such as materials chemistry, green chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry, as well as providing a solid grounding in established areas such as solid state chemistry, coordination chemistry, main group chemistry and physical inorganic chemistry.Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry is a one-volume account of the Lanthanides (including scandium and yttrium), the Actinides and the Transactinide elements, intended as an introductory treatment for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The principal features of these elements are set out in detail, enabling clear comparison and contrast with the Transition Elements and Main Group metals.The book covers the extraction of the elements from their ores and their purification, as well as the synthesis of the man-made elements; the properties of the elements and principal binary compounds; detailed accounts of their coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry, from both preparative and structural viewpoints, with a clear explanation of the factors responsible for the adoption of particular coordination numbers; spectroscopy and magnetism, especially for the lanthanides, with case studies and accounts of applications in areas like magnetic resonance imaging, lasers and luminescence; nuclear separations and problems in waste disposal for the radioactive elements, particularly in the context of plutonium.Latest developments are covered in areas like the synthesis of the latest man-made elements, whilst there is a whole chapter on the application of lanthanide compounds in synthetic organic chemistry.End-of-chapter questions suitable for tutorial discussions are provided, whilst there is a very comprehensive bibliography providing ready access to further reading on all topics.

Criminal biographies enjoyed enormous popularity in the eighteenth century: today they offer us some fascinating perspectives on the period. Drunks, Whores and Idle Apprentices is the first book of its kind to reproduce a number of these biographies in one volume. Included are the biographies of street robbers, pickpockets, burglers, horse thieves and confidence tricksters. Each biography is prefaced with background historical information, and thoroughly footnoted. Not only do these biographies make fascinating reading, they also raise the problem of how to read them as historical documents.

Told more as stories than history lessons, the biographies in American National Biography, Supplement 2 recount the tales of all the different people who shaped America--leaders, composers, entertainers, entrepreneurs, writers, scientists, and outlaws. Each one written by an expert in the field and masterfully woven together to present the most accurate and up-to-date information, the entries bring forth a powerful narrative of America's past and some of the most important figures that went into its formation. As the second in a series, iSupplement 2r includes a fascinating miscellany of 450 lives, ranging from 19th-century eccentric Joshua Abraham Norton who died in 1880, to President Reagan and Rodney Dangerfield, who died in 2004. Supplement 2 includes hundreds of figures of note from the past not included in the original edition of the ANB or Supplement 1. New biographies not in the original set as well as articles first published in the ANB Online are included in the Supplement. The result is hour after absorbing hour spent exploring the literary worlds of Ken Kesey and Eudora Welty, the music of Tito Puente and Perry Como, numerous statesmen and politicians and many, many others. With over 500 new listings, bibliographies after each entry, and a cumulative revised index of occupations and realms of renown, Supplement 2 continues the ANB tradition of bringing the people who have meant so much to this country to the forefront. Visit www.anb.org for more information

The collapse of single-party dictatorship in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991 constituted a watershed in the political, economic and military history of Europe, which continues to pose an enormous challenge to that continent in the present century and to the Western alliance, which helped to protect it. In 1919, the collapse of autocracy and supranational empires in Central and Eastern Europe presented the Allied and Associated Powers with unprecedented opportunity to shape the political and economic construction of the successor states. In that year, Sir George Russell Clerk had become private secretary to the acting British Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon. During the Great War,